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Chemistry Courses
A look at a seductive but wrong Gibbs/Spontaneity Proof
Acid Base Introduction: Arrhenius, Bronsted Lowry, and Lewis Acids and Bases.
Acid Base Titration : Using acid-base titration to find mass of oxalic acid
An introduction to orbitals
Another mass composition problem : Another exercise converting a mass composition to an empirical formula
Another Stoichiometry Example in a Solution
Balancing Chemical Equations : The art of balancing equations in chemistry!
Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Supression : Raising or lowering the boiling or freezing point of a solution
Buffers and the Hendersen-Hasselbalch equation
Carbon 14 Dating 1
Carbon 14 Dating 2
Carnot Cycle and Carnot Engine
Carnot Efficiency 2: Reversing the Cycle
Carnot Efficiency 3: Proving that it is the most efficient
Change of State Example : Specific Heat Capacity and Enthalpy of Vaporization example
Chilling Water Problem : How much ice at -10 degrees C is necessary to get 500g of water down to 0 degrees C?
Conjugate Acids and Bases
Covalent Networks, Metallic, and Ionic Crystals
Definition of efficiency for a heat engine. Efficiency of a Carnot Engine.
Electron Configurations 2 : Figuring out configurations for the d-block elements
Electron Configurations : Introduction to using the periodic table to determine electron configurations
Empirical and Molecular Formulas from Stoichiometry
Enthalpy : Understanding why enthalpy can be viewed as “heat content” in a constant pressure system.
Entropy Intuition : A discussion of what entropy is and what it isn’t.
Equilibrium reactions and constants.
Example of Finding Reactant Empirical Formula
Exponential Decay Formula Proof
First Law of Thermodynamics/ Internal Energy
Formula from Mass Composition : Figuring out the empirical formula from a molecules mass composition
Galvanic Cells : Redox reactions to drive Galvanic Cells
Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity : Intuition behind why spontaneity is driven by enthalpy, entropy and temperature
Gibbs Free Energy Example : Determining if a reaction is spontaneous by calculating the change in Gibbs Free Energy
Groups of the Periodic Table : Properties of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals. Halogens and noble gases
Half Equivalence Point : Figuring out the pKa of an unknown weak acid from the half equivalence point
Heat of Formation : Standard heat of formation or standard enthalpy change of formation.
Hess’s Law and Reaction Enthalpy Change : Using Hess’s Law and standard heats of formation to determine the enthalpy
Hess’s Law Example
Heterogenous Equilibrium: Ignoring the solution or the solid state molecules when calculating the equilibrium constant.
Hydrogen Peroxide Correction : Correcting an error in the last video regarding hydrogen peroxide
Ideal Gas Equation Example 1 : Figuring out the number of moles of gas we have using the ideal gas equation: PV=nRT.
Ideal Gas Equation Example 2 : PV/T is a constant. Figuring out the volume of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP).
Ideal Gas Equation Example 3: Figuring out the mass of Oxygen we have.
Ideal Gas Equation: PV=nRT : Intuition behind the ideal gas equation: PV=nRT.
Ideal Gas Example 4 : Figuring out the molar mass of a mystery molecule at STP.
Introduction to Exponential Decay
Introduction to half-life
Introduction to Kinetics : Kinetics, activation energy, activated complex and catalysts.
Introduction to Oxidation States
Introduction to pH, pOH, and pKw: Autoionization of water into hydronium and hydroxide ions. pH, pOH, and pKa.
Introduction to the atom : The atom, proton, neutron and electron
Ionic, Covalent, and Metallic Bonds
Keq derivation intuition: A more concrete attempt at showing how the probabilities of molecules reacting is related to…
Keq Intuition: A probabilistic look at how molecules react to develop the intuition behind the equilibrium constant formula
Le Chatelier’s Principle regarding the “stressing” of reactions in equilibrium
Limiting Reactant Example Problem 1
Macrostates and Microstates : The difference between macrostates and microstates. Thermodynamic equilibrium.
Maxwell’s Demon: A thought experiment that seems to defy the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Mini-Video on Ion Size : Correcting a mistake and learning a bit about ion size
Molecular and Empirical Formulas
Molecular and Empirical Forumlas from Percent Composition
More clarification as to what entropy is and what entropy is not.
More Exponential Decay Examples
More on Internal Energy : Getting more intuition of internal energy, heat, and work
More on orbitals and electron configuration
More on Oxidation States : More practice calculating oxidation states
More rigorous Gibbs Free Energy/ Spontaneity Relationship
Other Periodic Table Trends : Electronegativity, metallic nature and atomic radius
Partial Pressure : Figuring out the partial pressures of various gases in a container
Periodic Table Trends: Ionization Energy
pH of a Weak Acid
pH of a Weak Base
pH, pOH of Strong Acids and Bases: Calculating the pH or pOH of strong acids and bases.
Phase Diagrams : Understanding and interpreting phase diagrams
Proof: S (or Entropy) is a valid state variable
Proof: U=(3/2)PV or U=(3/2)nRT : Conceptual proof that the internal energy of an ideal gas system is 3/2 PV.
Proof: Volume Ratios in a Carnot Cycle
PV-diagrams and Expansion Work: Why work from expansion is the area under the curve of a PV-diagram
Quasistatic and Reversible Processes : Using theoretically quasi-static and/or reversible processes to stay pretty much at…
Reconciling Thermodynamic and State Definitions of Entropy
Redox Reactions
Solubility of salt and gas solutes in liquid solvent.
Specifict heat and phase changes: Calculating how much heat is needed to convert 200g of ice at -10C to 110 degree steam.
Spectrophotometry Example – Determining concentration based on absorbance
Spectrophotometry Introduction : Spectrophotometry, Transmittance, Absorbance and the Beer-Lambert Law
States of Matter : Introduction to the states or phases of matter
States of Matter Follow-Up : More on Plasma and Hydrogen bonds.
Stoichiometry Example Problem 1 : Figuring grams of reactants and product produced from reaction of phosphorous and chlorine
Stoichiometry Example Problem 2
Stoichiometry of a Reaction in Solution
Stoichiometry: Introduction to stoichiometry
Stoichiometry: Limiting Reagent : Stoichiometry problem where we have a limiting reagent
Strong acid titration and equivalence point
Suspensions, Colloids and Solutions. The difference between Molarity and Molality.
The Mole and Avogadro’s Number
The pKa and pKb relationship between conjugate acids and bases
Thermodynamic Entropy Definition Clarification
Titration Roundup : Making sure you fully understand titration curves
Types of Decay : Alpha, Beta, Gamma Decay and Positron Emission
Valence Electrons : Looking at valence electrons to figure out reactivity
Van Der Waals Forces: London Dispersion Forces, Dipole Attractions, and Hydrogen Bonds.
Vapor pressure example using the Ideal Gas Law
Vapor Pressure, Volatility, and Evaporation
Weak Acid Titration : Equivalence point when titrating a weak acid
Work Done by Isothermic Process : Isothermic and Adiabatic processes. Calculating the work done by an isothermic process
Work from Expansion : How a system can do work by expanding
Organic Chemistry Courses
Acetic Acid to Acetyl Chloride mechanism
Addition of Water (Acid-Catalyzed) Mechanism
Alcohol Properties
Aldehyde Introduction
Aldol Reaction
Amide Formation from Acyl Chloride
Amides, Anhydrides, Esters and Acyl Chlorides
Amine as Nucleophile in Sn2 Reaction
Amine in Sn2 part 2 : Amine continuing to act as nucleophile to generate more products
Amine Naming 2
Amine Naming Introduction
Aromatic Compounds and Huckel’s Rule
Bromination of benzene catalyzed by iron bromide
Cahn-Ingold-Prelog System for Naming Enantiomers
Carboxlic Acid Introduction
Carboxylic Acid Naming
Chair and Boat Shapes for Cyclohexane
Chiral Examples 1
Chiral Examples 2
Cis-Trans and E-Z Naming Scheme for Alkenes
Common and Systematic Naming-Iso, Sec and Tert Prefixes
Comparing E2 E1 Sn2 Sn1 Reactions
Correction – 2-Propylheptane should never be the name!
Cyclic ethers and epoxide naming
Double Newman Diagram for Methcyclohexane
E1 Elimination Reactions
E2 E1 Sn2 Sn1 Reactions Example 2
E2 E1 Sn2 Sn1 Reactions Example 3
E2 Elimination Reactions
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Entgegen-Zusammen Naming Scheme for Alkenes Examples
Ether Naming and Introduction
Fisher Esterification of Carboxylic Acids
Free Radical Reactions
Friedel Crafts Acylation
Friedel Crafts Acylation Addendum
Introduction to Chirality
Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms . Addition reaction to an alkene
Keto Enol Tautomerization
Ketone Naming
Markovnikov’s Rule and Carbocations. Figuring out which addition reaction is more likely.
More Organic Chemistry Naming Examples 1
Naming alcohols
Naming Alkanes with Alkyl Groups
Naming Alkenes Examples
Naming Alkyl Halides
Naming Benzene Derivatives Introduction
Naming Simple Alkanes
Newman Projections
Newman Projections 2
Nucleophilicity (Nucleophile Strength)
Nucleophilicity vs. Basicity
Organic Chemistry Naming Examples 2
Organic Chemistry Naming Examples 3
Organic Chemistry Naming Examples 4
Organic Chemistry Naming Examples 5
Pi bonds and sp2 Hybridized Orbitals
Polymerization of Alkenes with Acid
R,S (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) Naming System Example 2
Relative Stability of Amides Esters Anhydrides and Acyl Chlorides
Representing Structures of Organic Molecules
Resonance in benzene and the carbonate ion
Ring-opening Sn2 reaction of expoxides
Sn1 Amine Reaction
Sn1 and Sn2 epoxide opening discussion
Sn1 Reactions
Sn2 Reactions
Sn2 Stereochemistry
Solvent Effects on Sn1 and Sn2 Reactions
sp3 Hybridized Orbitals and Sigma Bonds
Stereoisomers, Enantiomers, Diastereomers, Constitutional Isomers and Meso Compounds
Steric Hindrance
Zaitsev’s Rule for E2 and E1 reactions
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